Date | Value |
---|---|
Oct 1, 2017 | 250.22 |
Sep 1, 2017 | 249.65 |
Aug 1, 2017 | 250.28 |
Jul 1, 2017 | 249.91 |
Jun 1, 2017 | 248.10 |
May 1, 2017 | 246.08 |
Apr 1, 2017 | 243.70 |
Mar 1, 2017 | 241.78 |
Feb 1, 2017 | 240.00 |
Jan 1, 2017 | 240.26 |
Dec 1, 2016 | 241.34 |
Nov 1, 2016 | 241.16 |
Oct 1, 2016 | 240.49 |
Sep 1, 2016 | 240.66 |
Aug 1, 2016 | 240.83 |
Jul 1, 2016 | 240.20 |
Jun 1, 2016 | 238.33 |
May 1, 2016 | 237.02 |
Apr 1, 2016 | 235.53 |
Mar 1, 2016 | 234.14 |
Feb 1, 2016 | 233.41 |
Jan 1, 2016 | 233.28 |
Dec 1, 2015 | 233.75 |
Nov 1, 2015 | 232.97 |
Oct 1, 2015 | 232.34 |
Sep 1, 2015 | 232.22 |
Aug 1, 2015 | 231.70 |
Jul 1, 2015 | 230.78 |
Jun 1, 2015 | 229.42 |
May 1, 2015 | 228.10 |
Apr 1, 2015 | 226.74 |
Mar 1, 2015 | 224.69 |
Feb 1, 2015 | 224.06 |
Jan 1, 2015 | 224.51 |
Dec 1, 2014 | 223.74 |
Nov 1, 2014 | 222.72 |
Oct 1, 2014 | 221.85 |
Sep 1, 2014 | 221.73 |
Aug 1, 2014 | 222.16 |
Jul 1, 2014 | 221.37 |
Jun 1, 2014 | 220.06 |
May 1, 2014 | 218.46 |
Apr 1, 2014 | 216.95 |
Mar 1, 2014 | 215.28 |
Feb 1, 2014 | 214.91 |
Jan 1, 2014 | 215.02 |
Dec 1, 2013 | 215.69 |
Nov 1, 2013 | 215.78 |
Oct 1, 2013 | 215.59 |
Sep 1, 2013 | 215.18 |
Aug 1, 2013 | 215.05 |
Jul 1, 2013 | 213.81 |
Jun 1, 2013 | 211.40 |
May 1, 2013 | 208.42 |
Apr 1, 2013 | 204.87 |
Mar 1, 2013 | 200.58 |
Feb 1, 2013 | 197.29 |
Jan 1, 2013 | 197.74 |
Dec 1, 2012 | 197.72 |
Nov 1, 2012 | 197.31 |
Oct 1, 2012 | 196.37 |
Sep 1, 2012 | 196.83 |
Aug 1, 2012 | 198.19 |
Jul 1, 2012 | 198.71 |
Jun 1, 2012 | 196.86 |
May 1, 2012 | 193.66 |
Apr 1, 2012 | 189.90 |
Mar 1, 2012 | 186.88 |
Feb 1, 2012 | 185.70 |
Jan 1, 2012 | 186.74 |
Dec 1, 2011 | 188.96 |
Nov 1, 2011 | 190.57 |
Oct 1, 2011 | 192.85 |
Sep 1, 2011 | 194.89 |
Aug 1, 2011 | 197.43 |
Jul 1, 2011 | 198.76 |
Jun 1, 2011 | 198.38 |
May 1, 2011 | 196.42 |
Apr 1, 2011 | 195.20 |
Mar 1, 2011 | 194.53 |
Feb 1, 2011 | 196.36 |
Jan 1, 2011 | 199.19 |
Dec 1, 2010 | 202.43 |
Nov 1, 2010 | 204.49 |
Oct 1, 2010 | 206.45 |
Sep 1, 2010 | 208.83 |
Aug 1, 2010 | 211.57 |
Jul 1, 2010 | 213.51 |
Jun 1, 2010 | 213.77 |
May 1, 2010 | 212.60 |
Apr 1, 2010 | 210.40 |
Mar 1, 2010 | 208.17 |
Feb 1, 2010 | 208.24 |
Jan 1, 2010 | 211.12 |
Dec 1, 2009 | 214.29 |
Nov 1, 2009 | 215.77 |
Oct 1, 2009 | 216.87 |
Sep 1, 2009 | 218.60 |
Aug 1, 2009 | 220.25 |
Jul 1, 2009 | 220.87 |
Jun 1, 2009 | 219.13 |
May 1, 2009 | 218.62 |
Apr 1, 2009 | 217.43 |
Mar 1, 2009 | 217.34 |
Feb 1, 2009 | 219.50 |
Jan 1, 2009 | 223.19 |
Dec 1, 2008 | 228.95 |
Nov 1, 2008 | 231.81 |
Oct 1, 2008 | 231.89 |
Sep 1, 2008 | 233.51 |
Aug 1, 2008 | 236.60 |
Jul 1, 2008 | 237.71 |
Jun 1, 2008 | 240.14 |
May 1, 2008 | 243.25 |
Apr 1, 2008 | 245.74 |
Mar 1, 2008 | 248.11 |
Feb 1, 2008 | 252.18 |
Jan 1, 2008 | 255.72 |
Dec 1, 2007 | 260.39 |
Nov 1, 2007 | 262.96 |
Oct 1, 2007 | 268.09 |
Sep 1, 2007 | 271.06 |
Aug 1, 2007 | 273.51 |
Jul 1, 2007 | 274.15 |
Jun 1, 2007 | 274.91 |
May 1, 2007 | 275.96 |
Apr 1, 2007 | 278.03 |
Mar 1, 2007 | 279.92 |
Feb 1, 2007 | 282.91 |
Jan 1, 2007 | 284.81 |
Dec 1, 2006 | 286.48 |
Nov 1, 2006 | 287.53 |
Oct 1, 2006 | 287.76 |
Sep 1, 2006 | 286.43 |
Aug 1, 2006 | 285.34 |
Jul 1, 2006 | 286.22 |
Jun 1, 2006 | 286.96 |
May 1, 2006 | 287.26 |
Apr 1, 2006 | 287.54 |
Mar 1, 2006 | 288.57 |
Feb 1, 2006 | 288.20 |
Jan 1, 2006 | 287.70 |
Dec 1, 2005 | 288.74 |
Nov 1, 2005 | 286.88 |
Oct 1, 2005 | 283.10 |
Sep 1, 2005 | 281.86 |
Aug 1, 2005 | 282.59 |
Jul 1, 2005 | 281.10 |
Jun 1, 2005 | 279.01 |
May 1, 2005 | 275.15 |
Apr 1, 2005 | 270.75 |
Mar 1, 2005 | 268.62 |
Feb 1, 2005 | 266.36 |
Jan 1, 2005 | 264.93 |
Dec 1, 2004 | 263.05 |
Nov 1, 2004 | 260.16 |
Oct 1, 2004 | 258.31 |
Sep 1, 2004 | 257.69 |
Aug 1, 2004 | 256.07 |
Jul 1, 2004 | 253.76 |
Jun 1, 2004 | 250.33 |
May 1, 2004 | 247.49 |
Apr 1, 2004 | 245.31 |
Mar 1, 2004 | 242.58 |
Feb 1, 2004 | 240.67 |
Jan 1, 2004 | 239.70 |
Dec 1, 2003 | 239.02 |
Nov 1, 2003 | 237.30 |
Oct 1, 2003 | 235.31 |
Sep 1, 2003 | 233.52 |
Aug 1, 2003 | 232.36 |
Jul 1, 2003 | 231.00 |
Jun 1, 2003 | 228.81 |
May 1, 2003 | 226.67 |
Apr 1, 2003 | 223.99 |
Mar 1, 2003 | 221.48 |
Feb 1, 2003 | 221.12 |
Jan 1, 2003 | 221.64 |
Dec 1, 2002 | 221.75 |
Nov 1, 2002 | 220.38 |
Oct 1, 2002 | 219.49 |
Sep 1, 2002 | 218.74 |
Aug 1, 2002 | 217.77 |
Jul 1, 2002 | 216.68 |
Jun 1, 2002 | 214.53 |
May 1, 2002 | 211.95 |
Apr 1, 2002 | 209.18 |
Mar 1, 2002 | 208.09 |
Feb 1, 2002 | 207.47 |
Jan 1, 2002 | 207.43 |
Dec 1, 2001 | 207.22 |
Nov 1, 2001 | 206.01 |
Oct 1, 2001 | 205.38 |
Sep 1, 2001 | 204.32 |
Aug 1, 2001 | 204.39 |
Jul 1, 2001 | 203.04 |
Jun 1, 2001 | 200.76 |
May 1, 2001 | 199.20 |
Apr 1, 2001 | 198.41 |
Mar 1, 2001 | 197.68 |
Feb 1, 2001 | 196.76 |
Jan 1, 2001 | 196.79 |
Dec 1, 2000 | 197.26 |
Nov 1, 2000 | 196.24 |
Oct 1, 2000 | 195.33 |
Sep 1, 2000 | 194.60 |
Aug 1, 2000 | 194.48 |
Jul 1, 2000 | 193.02 |
Jun 1, 2000 | 191.89 |
May 1, 2000 | 190.77 |
Apr 1, 2000 | 188.85 |
Mar 1, 2000 | 186.99 |
Feb 1, 2000 | 186.86 |
Jan 1, 2000 | 186.90 |
Dec 1, 1999 | 186.67 |
Nov 1, 1999 | 185.94 |
Oct 1, 1999 | 185.45 |
Sep 1, 1999 | 184.97 |
Aug 1, 1999 | 184.90 |
Jul 1, 1999 | 184.02 |
Jun 1, 1999 | 182.99 |
May 1, 1999 | 181.10 |
Apr 1, 1999 | 179.33 |
Mar 1, 1999 | 179.05 |
Feb 1, 1999 | 178.38 |
Jan 1, 1999 | 178.08 |
Dec 1, 1998 | 178.00 |
Nov 1, 1998 | 177.43 |
Oct 1, 1998 | 177.04 |
Sep 1, 1998 | 176.99 |
Aug 1, 1998 | 176.55 |
Jul 1, 1998 | 175.71 |
Jun 1, 1998 | 174.64 |
May 1, 1998 | 173.27 |
Apr 1, 1998 | 172.00 |
Mar 1, 1998 | 170.99 |
Feb 1, 1998 | 170.34 |
Jan 1, 1998 | 170.24 |
Dec 1, 1997 | 169.93 |
Nov 1, 1997 | 169.31 |
Oct 1, 1997 | 168.76 |
Sep 1, 1997 | 168.98 |
Aug 1, 1997 | 169.09 |
Jul 1, 1997 | 168.81 |
Jun 1, 1997 | 168.14 |
May 1, 1997 | 167.30 |
Apr 1, 1997 | 166.12 |
Mar 1, 1997 | 165.52 |
Feb 1, 1997 | 165.30 |
Jan 1, 1997 | 165.70 |
Dec 1, 1996 | 166.14 |
Nov 1, 1996 | 166.28 |
Oct 1, 1996 | 166.73 |
Sep 1, 1996 | 167.40 |
Aug 1, 1996 | 167.84 |
Jul 1, 1996 | 167.69 |
Jun 1, 1996 | 167.27 |
May 1, 1996 | 166.47 |
Apr 1, 1996 | 165.82 |
Mar 1, 1996 | 165.53 |
Feb 1, 1996 | 165.83 |
Jan 1, 1996 | 166.43 |
Dec 1, 1995 | 167.59 |
Nov 1, 1995 | 167.71 |
Oct 1, 1995 | 167.80 |
Sep 1, 1995 | 168.37 |
Aug 1, 1995 | 168.52 |
Jul 1, 1995 | 168.46 |
Jun 1, 1995 | 167.76 |
May 1, 1995 | 167.30 |
Apr 1, 1995 | 166.97 |
Mar 1, 1995 | 166.92 |
Feb 1, 1995 | 167.28 |
Jan 1, 1995 | 168.01 |
Dec 1, 1994 | 168.79 |
Nov 1, 1994 | 168.98 |
Oct 1, 1994 | 169.48 |
Sep 1, 1994 | 169.68 |
Aug 1, 1994 | 170.09 |
Jul 1, 1994 | 170.25 |
Jun 1, 1994 | 169.92 |
May 1, 1994 | 169.45 |
Apr 1, 1994 | 168.47 |
Mar 1, 1994 | 167.95 |
Feb 1, 1994 | 168.20 |
Jan 1, 1994 | 168.77 |
Dec 1, 1993 | 169.04 |
Nov 1, 1993 | 169.17 |
Oct 1, 1993 | 169.29 |
Sep 1, 1993 | 170.03 |
Aug 1, 1993 | 170.23 |
Jul 1, 1993 | 170.18 |
Jun 1, 1993 | 169.37 |
May 1, 1993 | 168.53 |
Apr 1, 1993 | 167.98 |
Mar 1, 1993 | 167.83 |
Feb 1, 1993 | 168.28 |
Jan 1, 1993 | 169.03 |
Dec 1, 1992 | 170.02 |
Nov 1, 1992 | 170.17 |
Oct 1, 1992 | 170.43 |
Sep 1, 1992 | 171.10 |
Aug 1, 1992 | 171.81 |
Jul 1, 1992 | 172.25 |
Jun 1, 1992 | 172.37 |
May 1, 1992 | 172.54 |
Apr 1, 1992 | 172.06 |
Mar 1, 1992 | 171.70 |
Feb 1, 1992 | 172.20 |
Jan 1, 1992 | 172.94 |
Dec 1, 1991 | 173.49 |
Nov 1, 1991 | 174.09 |
Oct 1, 1991 | 175.17 |
Sep 1, 1991 | 176.07 |
Aug 1, 1991 | 176.89 |
Jul 1, 1991 | 177.23 |
Jun 1, 1991 | 176.88 |
May 1, 1991 | 176.29 |
Apr 1, 1991 | 175.74 |
Mar 1, 1991 | 175.60 |
Feb 1, 1991 | 176.12 |
Jan 1, 1991 | 177.04 |
Dec 1, 1990 | 179.13 |
Nov 1, 1990 | 180.10 |
Oct 1, 1990 | 181.76 |
Sep 1, 1990 | 183.59 |
Aug 1, 1990 | 185.72 |
Jul 1, 1990 | 187.65 |
Jun 1, 1990 | 188.23 |
May 1, 1990 | 188.76 |
Apr 1, 1990 | 188.56 |
Mar 1, 1990 | 188.24 |
Feb 1, 1990 | 188.78 |
Jan 1, 1990 | 189.52 |
Dec 1, 1989 | 191.40 |
Nov 1, 1989 | 191.75 |
Oct 1, 1989 | 192.13 |
Sep 1, 1989 | 192.91 |
Aug 1, 1989 | 193.14 |
Jul 1, 1989 | 192.87 |
Jun 1, 1989 | 192.45 |
May 1, 1989 | 191.90 |
Apr 1, 1989 | 191.88 |
Mar 1, 1989 | 191.95 |
Feb 1, 1989 | 191.92 |
Jan 1, 1989 | 191.80 |
Dec 1, 1988 | 191.89 |
Nov 1, 1988 | 191.66 |
Oct 1, 1988 | 191.16 |
Sep 1, 1988 | 191.14 |
Aug 1, 1988 | 191.42 |
Jul 1, 1988 | 190.89 |
Jun 1, 1988 | 190.04 |
May 1, 1988 | 189.08 |
Apr 1, 1988 | 188.06 |
Mar 1, 1988 | 187.78 |
Feb 1, 1988 | 187.47 |
Jan 1, 1988 | 187.06 |
Dec 1, 1987 | 186.89 |
Nov 1, 1987 | 186.21 |
Oct 1, 1987 | 185.85 |
Sep 1, 1987 | 185.56 |
Aug 1, 1987 | 185.57 |
Jul 1, 1987 | 185.22 |
Jun 1, 1987 | 184.13 |
May 1, 1987 | 182.91 |
Apr 1, 1987 | 181.96 |
Mar 1, 1987 | 181.50 |
Feb 1, 1987 | 181.35 |
Jan 1, 1987 | 180.87 |
Dec 1, 1986 | 173.47 |
Sep 1, 1986 | 171.25 |
Jun 1, 1986 | 169.55 |
Mar 1, 1986 | 167.18 |
Dec 1, 1985 | 163.23 |
Sep 1, 1985 | 162.78 |
Jun 1, 1985 | 161.10 |
Mar 1, 1985 | 160.37 |
Dec 1, 1984 | 159.82 |
Sep 1, 1984 | 158.77 |
Jun 1, 1984 | 159.20 |
Mar 1, 1984 | 158.33 |
Dec 1, 1983 | 158.02 |
Sep 1, 1983 | 158.38 |
Jun 1, 1983 | 159.29 |
Mar 1, 1983 | 159.97 |
Dec 1, 1982 | 157.57 |
Sep 1, 1982 | 155.96 |
Jun 1, 1982 | 158.39 |
Mar 1, 1982 | 161.82 |
Dec 1, 1981 | 160.97 |
Sep 1, 1981 | 161.85 |
Jun 1, 1981 | 164.26 |
Mar 1, 1981 | 164.22 |
Dec 1, 1980 | 167.37 |
Sep 1, 1980 | 171.53 |
Jun 1, 1980 | 169.02 |
Mar 1, 1980 | 171.84 |
Dec 1, 1979 | 176.58 |
Sep 1, 1979 | 177.94 |
Jun 1, 1979 | 179.68 |
Mar 1, 1979 | 180.67 |
Dec 1, 1978 | 177.88 |
Sep 1, 1978 | 175.81 |
Jun 1, 1978 | 174.33 |
Mar 1, 1978 | 172.25 |
Dec 1, 1977 | 170.40 |
Sep 1, 1977 | 166.63 |
Jun 1, 1977 | 164.85 |
Mar 1, 1977 | 160.80 |
Dec 1, 1976 | 159.21 |
Sep 1, 1976 | 158.48 |
Jun 1, 1976 | 159.11 |
Mar 1, 1976 | 156.16 |
Dec 1, 1975 | 155.13 |
Sep 1, 1975 | 155.11 |
Jun 1, 1975 | 158.67 |
Mar 1, 1975 | 157.60 |
Dec 1, 1974 | 152.99 |
Sep 1, 1974 | 152.60 |
Jun 1, 1974 | 154.51 |
Mar 1, 1974 | 155.47 |
Dec 1, 1973 | 157.21 |
Sep 1, 1973 | 157.80 |
Jun 1, 1973 | 159.95 |
Mar 1, 1973 | 162.82 |
Dec 1, 1972 | 166.09 |
Sep 1, 1972 | 167.54 |
Jun 1, 1972 | 166.23 |
Mar 1, 1972 | 166.44 |
Dec 1, 1971 | 166.22 |
Sep 1, 1971 | 165.47 |
Jun 1, 1971 | 163.99 |
Mar 1, 1971 | 164.66 |
Dec 1, 1970 | 164.40 |
Sep 1, 1970 | 163.54 |
Jun 1, 1970 | 162.09 |
Mar 1, 1970 | 161.77 |
Dec 1, 1969 | 160.40 |
Sep 1, 1969 | 159.76 |
Jun 1, 1969 | 158.87 |
Mar 1, 1969 | 159.13 |
Dec 1, 1968 | 158.59 |
Sep 1, 1968 | 157.49 |
Jun 1, 1968 | 157.71 |
Mar 1, 1968 | 159.39 |
Dec 1, 1967 | 160.32 |
Sep 1, 1967 | 160.21 |
Jun 1, 1967 | 160.47 |
Mar 1, 1967 | 161.27 |
Dec 1, 1966 | 161.71 |
Sep 1, 1966 | 161.99 |
Jun 1, 1966 | 163.32 |
Mar 1, 1966 | 164.46 |
Dec 1, 1965 | 165.11 |
Sep 1, 1965 | 164.39 |
Jun 1, 1965 | 164.11 |
Mar 1, 1965 | 166.49 |
Dec 1, 1964 | 165.99 |
Sep 1, 1964 | 165.31 |
Jun 1, 1964 | 164.86 |
Mar 1, 1964 | 166.03 |
Dec 1, 1963 | 164.87 |
Sep 1, 1963 | 165.01 |
Jun 1, 1963 | 165.32 |
Mar 1, 1963 | 164.80 |
Dec 1, 1962 | 164.82 |
Sep 1, 1962 | 165.17 |
Jun 1, 1962 | 165.91 |
Mar 1, 1962 | 165.92 |
Dec 1, 1961 | 166.00 |
Sep 1, 1961 | 165.22 |
Jun 1, 1961 | 165.61 |
Mar 1, 1961 | 165.91 |
Dec 1, 1960 | 166.21 |
Sep 1, 1960 | 166.43 |
Jun 1, 1960 | 166.07 |
Mar 1, 1960 | 167.56 |
Dec 1, 1959 | 167.44 |
Sep 1, 1959 | 167.03 |
Jun 1, 1959 | 168.49 |
Mar 1, 1959 | 169.22 |
Dec 1, 1958 | 169.47 |
Sep 1, 1958 | 169.78 |
Jun 1, 1958 | 170.58 |
Mar 1, 1958 | 169.87 |
Dec 1, 1957 | 171.69 |
Sep 1, 1957 | 171.04 |
Jun 1, 1957 | 172.25 |
Mar 1, 1957 | 172.24 |
Dec 1, 1956 | 171.87 |
Sep 1, 1956 | 173.26 |
Jun 1, 1956 | 171.17 |
Mar 1, 1956 | 174.39 |
Dec 1, 1955 | 175.80 |
Sep 1, 1955 | 175.14 |
Jun 1, 1955 | 174.51 |
Mar 1, 1955 | 175.72 |
Dec 1, 1954 | 175.92 |
Sep 1, 1954 | 175.00 |
Jun 1, 1954 | 173.21 |
Mar 1, 1954 | 173.28 |
Dec 1, 1953 | 173.21 |
Sep 1, 1953 | 173.15 |
Jun 1, 1953 | 173.13 |
Mar 1, 1953 | 173.89 |
Dec 1, 1952 | 156.43 |
Dec 1, 1951 | 150.96 |
Dec 1, 1950 | 150.89 |
Dec 1, 1949 | 154.23 |
Dec 1, 1948 | 150.89 |
Dec 1, 1947 | 152.27 |
Dec 1, 1946 | 136.67 |
Dec 1, 1945 | 130.09 |
Dec 1, 1944 | 119.00 |
Dec 1, 1943 | 104.42 |
Dec 1, 1942 | 96.47 |
Dec 1, 1941 | 101.79 |
Dec 1, 1940 | 122.13 |
Dec 1, 1939 | 119.07 |
Dec 1, 1938 | 120.64 |
Dec 1, 1937 | 118.32 |
Dec 1, 1936 | 118.66 |
Dec 1, 1935 | 116.63 |
Dec 1, 1934 | 109.42 |
Dec 1, 1933 | 107.94 |
Dec 1, 1932 | 113.08 |
Dec 1, 1931 | 113.32 |
Dec 1, 1930 | 111.88 |
Dec 1, 1929 | 109.43 |
Dec 1, 1928 | 112.38 |
Dec 1, 1927 | 109.45 |
Dec 1, 1926 | 111.13 |
Dec 1, 1925 | 114.51 |
Dec 1, 1924 | 112.61 |
Dec 1, 1923 | 112.39 |
Dec 1, 1922 | 113.38 |
Dec 1, 1921 | 109.24 |
Dec 1, 1920 | 99.64 |
Dec 1, 1919 | 93.32 |
Dec 1, 1918 | 97.19 |
Dec 1, 1917 | 110.05 |
Dec 1, 1916 | 127.38 |
Dec 1, 1915 | 131.03 |
Dec 1, 1914 | 145.55 |
Dec 1, 1913 | 141.73 |
Dec 1, 1912 | 146.12 |
Dec 1, 1911 | 150.95 |
Dec 1, 1910 | 151.31 |
Dec 1, 1909 | 129.44 |
Dec 1, 1908 | 146.37 |
Dec 1, 1907 | 167.57 |
Dec 1, 1906 | 148.64 |
Dec 1, 1905 | 132.22 |
Dec 1, 1904 | 150.89 |
Dec 1, 1903 | 151.00 |
Dec 1, 1902 | 140.51 |
Dec 1, 1901 | 127.68 |
Dec 1, 1900 | 159.78 |
Dec 1, 1899 | 134.62 |
Dec 1, 1898 | 164.56 |
Dec 1, 1897 | 156.85 |
Dec 1, 1896 | 152.05 |
Dec 1, 1895 | 172.91 |
Dec 1, 1894 | 195.96 |
Dec 1, 1893 | 156.94 |
Dec 1, 1892 | 139.25 |
Dec 1, 1891 | 138.41 |
Dec 1, 1890 | 146.05 |
US national index levels, not seasonally adjusted. Historic prices are inflation adjusted November, 2024 dollars.
Data is from Robert Shiller, from his book, Irrational Exuberance, and Standard and Poor’s.