Date | Value |
---|---|
Oct 1, 2017 | 247.71 |
Sep 1, 2017 | 247.15 |
Aug 1, 2017 | 247.77 |
Jul 1, 2017 | 247.40 |
Jun 1, 2017 | 245.61 |
May 1, 2017 | 243.62 |
Apr 1, 2017 | 241.26 |
Mar 1, 2017 | 239.36 |
Feb 1, 2017 | 237.59 |
Jan 1, 2017 | 237.85 |
Dec 1, 2016 | 238.93 |
Nov 1, 2016 | 238.75 |
Oct 1, 2016 | 238.08 |
Sep 1, 2016 | 238.25 |
Aug 1, 2016 | 238.42 |
Jul 1, 2016 | 237.79 |
Jun 1, 2016 | 235.94 |
May 1, 2016 | 234.65 |
Apr 1, 2016 | 233.17 |
Mar 1, 2016 | 231.80 |
Feb 1, 2016 | 231.07 |
Jan 1, 2016 | 230.94 |
Dec 1, 2015 | 231.40 |
Nov 1, 2015 | 230.64 |
Oct 1, 2015 | 230.01 |
Sep 1, 2015 | 229.89 |
Aug 1, 2015 | 229.38 |
Jul 1, 2015 | 228.46 |
Jun 1, 2015 | 227.12 |
May 1, 2015 | 225.81 |
Apr 1, 2015 | 224.47 |
Mar 1, 2015 | 222.44 |
Feb 1, 2015 | 221.82 |
Jan 1, 2015 | 222.26 |
Dec 1, 2014 | 221.49 |
Nov 1, 2014 | 220.49 |
Oct 1, 2014 | 219.63 |
Sep 1, 2014 | 219.51 |
Aug 1, 2014 | 219.94 |
Jul 1, 2014 | 219.15 |
Jun 1, 2014 | 217.86 |
May 1, 2014 | 216.27 |
Apr 1, 2014 | 214.77 |
Mar 1, 2014 | 213.13 |
Feb 1, 2014 | 212.76 |
Jan 1, 2014 | 212.86 |
Dec 1, 2013 | 213.53 |
Nov 1, 2013 | 213.62 |
Oct 1, 2013 | 213.43 |
Sep 1, 2013 | 213.02 |
Aug 1, 2013 | 212.90 |
Jul 1, 2013 | 211.67 |
Jun 1, 2013 | 209.28 |
May 1, 2013 | 206.34 |
Apr 1, 2013 | 202.82 |
Mar 1, 2013 | 198.57 |
Feb 1, 2013 | 195.31 |
Jan 1, 2013 | 195.76 |
Dec 1, 2012 | 195.74 |
Nov 1, 2012 | 195.33 |
Oct 1, 2012 | 194.41 |
Sep 1, 2012 | 194.86 |
Aug 1, 2012 | 196.20 |
Jul 1, 2012 | 196.72 |
Jun 1, 2012 | 194.89 |
May 1, 2012 | 191.72 |
Apr 1, 2012 | 188.00 |
Mar 1, 2012 | 185.01 |
Feb 1, 2012 | 183.84 |
Jan 1, 2012 | 184.87 |
Dec 1, 2011 | 187.06 |
Nov 1, 2011 | 188.66 |
Oct 1, 2011 | 190.91 |
Sep 1, 2011 | 192.94 |
Aug 1, 2011 | 195.45 |
Jul 1, 2011 | 196.77 |
Jun 1, 2011 | 196.39 |
May 1, 2011 | 194.45 |
Apr 1, 2011 | 193.24 |
Mar 1, 2011 | 192.58 |
Feb 1, 2011 | 194.39 |
Jan 1, 2011 | 197.19 |
Dec 1, 2010 | 200.40 |
Nov 1, 2010 | 202.44 |
Oct 1, 2010 | 204.38 |
Sep 1, 2010 | 206.74 |
Aug 1, 2010 | 209.45 |
Jul 1, 2010 | 211.37 |
Jun 1, 2010 | 211.63 |
May 1, 2010 | 210.47 |
Apr 1, 2010 | 208.29 |
Mar 1, 2010 | 206.09 |
Feb 1, 2010 | 206.15 |
Jan 1, 2010 | 209.00 |
Dec 1, 2009 | 212.15 |
Nov 1, 2009 | 213.61 |
Oct 1, 2009 | 214.70 |
Sep 1, 2009 | 216.41 |
Aug 1, 2009 | 218.05 |
Jul 1, 2009 | 218.65 |
Jun 1, 2009 | 216.93 |
May 1, 2009 | 216.43 |
Apr 1, 2009 | 215.25 |
Mar 1, 2009 | 215.16 |
Feb 1, 2009 | 217.30 |
Jan 1, 2009 | 220.95 |
Dec 1, 2008 | 226.66 |
Nov 1, 2008 | 229.49 |
Oct 1, 2008 | 229.56 |
Sep 1, 2008 | 231.17 |
Aug 1, 2008 | 234.23 |
Jul 1, 2008 | 235.32 |
Jun 1, 2008 | 237.73 |
May 1, 2008 | 240.82 |
Apr 1, 2008 | 243.28 |
Mar 1, 2008 | 245.62 |
Feb 1, 2008 | 249.65 |
Jan 1, 2008 | 253.16 |
Dec 1, 2007 | 257.78 |
Nov 1, 2007 | 260.32 |
Oct 1, 2007 | 265.40 |
Sep 1, 2007 | 268.35 |
Aug 1, 2007 | 270.77 |
Jul 1, 2007 | 271.40 |
Jun 1, 2007 | 272.15 |
May 1, 2007 | 273.19 |
Apr 1, 2007 | 275.24 |
Mar 1, 2007 | 277.12 |
Feb 1, 2007 | 280.07 |
Jan 1, 2007 | 281.96 |
Dec 1, 2006 | 283.61 |
Nov 1, 2006 | 284.65 |
Oct 1, 2006 | 284.88 |
Sep 1, 2006 | 283.56 |
Aug 1, 2006 | 282.48 |
Jul 1, 2006 | 283.35 |
Jun 1, 2006 | 284.09 |
May 1, 2006 | 284.38 |
Apr 1, 2006 | 284.66 |
Mar 1, 2006 | 285.68 |
Feb 1, 2006 | 285.31 |
Jan 1, 2006 | 284.82 |
Dec 1, 2005 | 285.84 |
Nov 1, 2005 | 284.01 |
Oct 1, 2005 | 280.27 |
Sep 1, 2005 | 279.04 |
Aug 1, 2005 | 279.76 |
Jul 1, 2005 | 278.29 |
Jun 1, 2005 | 276.22 |
May 1, 2005 | 272.39 |
Apr 1, 2005 | 268.03 |
Mar 1, 2005 | 265.93 |
Feb 1, 2005 | 263.69 |
Jan 1, 2005 | 262.28 |
Dec 1, 2004 | 260.42 |
Nov 1, 2004 | 257.55 |
Oct 1, 2004 | 255.72 |
Sep 1, 2004 | 255.11 |
Aug 1, 2004 | 253.51 |
Jul 1, 2004 | 251.22 |
Jun 1, 2004 | 247.82 |
May 1, 2004 | 245.01 |
Apr 1, 2004 | 242.85 |
Mar 1, 2004 | 240.15 |
Feb 1, 2004 | 238.26 |
Jan 1, 2004 | 237.30 |
Dec 1, 2003 | 236.63 |
Nov 1, 2003 | 234.92 |
Oct 1, 2003 | 232.95 |
Sep 1, 2003 | 231.18 |
Aug 1, 2003 | 230.04 |
Jul 1, 2003 | 228.69 |
Jun 1, 2003 | 226.52 |
May 1, 2003 | 224.40 |
Apr 1, 2003 | 221.74 |
Mar 1, 2003 | 219.26 |
Feb 1, 2003 | 218.91 |
Jan 1, 2003 | 219.42 |
Dec 1, 2002 | 219.53 |
Nov 1, 2002 | 218.17 |
Oct 1, 2002 | 217.29 |
Sep 1, 2002 | 216.54 |
Aug 1, 2002 | 215.59 |
Jul 1, 2002 | 214.50 |
Jun 1, 2002 | 212.38 |
May 1, 2002 | 209.83 |
Apr 1, 2002 | 207.08 |
Mar 1, 2002 | 206.00 |
Feb 1, 2002 | 205.39 |
Jan 1, 2002 | 205.35 |
Dec 1, 2001 | 205.15 |
Nov 1, 2001 | 203.95 |
Oct 1, 2001 | 203.32 |
Sep 1, 2001 | 202.27 |
Aug 1, 2001 | 202.34 |
Jul 1, 2001 | 201.00 |
Jun 1, 2001 | 198.75 |
May 1, 2001 | 197.21 |
Apr 1, 2001 | 196.42 |
Mar 1, 2001 | 195.69 |
Feb 1, 2001 | 194.79 |
Jan 1, 2001 | 194.82 |
Dec 1, 2000 | 195.28 |
Nov 1, 2000 | 194.27 |
Oct 1, 2000 | 193.38 |
Sep 1, 2000 | 192.65 |
Aug 1, 2000 | 192.53 |
Jul 1, 2000 | 191.09 |
Jun 1, 2000 | 189.97 |
May 1, 2000 | 188.86 |
Apr 1, 2000 | 186.96 |
Mar 1, 2000 | 185.12 |
Feb 1, 2000 | 184.99 |
Jan 1, 2000 | 185.03 |
Dec 1, 1999 | 184.80 |
Nov 1, 1999 | 184.08 |
Oct 1, 1999 | 183.59 |
Sep 1, 1999 | 183.12 |
Aug 1, 1999 | 183.04 |
Jul 1, 1999 | 182.17 |
Jun 1, 1999 | 181.16 |
May 1, 1999 | 179.28 |
Apr 1, 1999 | 177.53 |
Mar 1, 1999 | 177.25 |
Feb 1, 1999 | 176.60 |
Jan 1, 1999 | 176.30 |
Dec 1, 1998 | 176.21 |
Nov 1, 1998 | 175.65 |
Oct 1, 1998 | 175.27 |
Sep 1, 1998 | 175.22 |
Aug 1, 1998 | 174.78 |
Jul 1, 1998 | 173.95 |
Jun 1, 1998 | 172.89 |
May 1, 1998 | 171.53 |
Apr 1, 1998 | 170.27 |
Mar 1, 1998 | 169.28 |
Feb 1, 1998 | 168.63 |
Jan 1, 1998 | 168.54 |
Dec 1, 1997 | 168.23 |
Nov 1, 1997 | 167.61 |
Oct 1, 1997 | 167.07 |
Sep 1, 1997 | 167.29 |
Aug 1, 1997 | 167.39 |
Jul 1, 1997 | 167.12 |
Jun 1, 1997 | 166.45 |
May 1, 1997 | 165.63 |
Apr 1, 1997 | 164.45 |
Mar 1, 1997 | 163.86 |
Feb 1, 1997 | 163.64 |
Jan 1, 1997 | 164.04 |
Dec 1, 1996 | 164.48 |
Nov 1, 1996 | 164.61 |
Oct 1, 1996 | 165.06 |
Sep 1, 1996 | 165.73 |
Aug 1, 1996 | 166.15 |
Jul 1, 1996 | 166.01 |
Jun 1, 1996 | 165.59 |
May 1, 1996 | 164.80 |
Apr 1, 1996 | 164.16 |
Mar 1, 1996 | 163.87 |
Feb 1, 1996 | 164.17 |
Jan 1, 1996 | 164.76 |
Dec 1, 1995 | 165.91 |
Nov 1, 1995 | 166.03 |
Oct 1, 1995 | 166.12 |
Sep 1, 1995 | 166.69 |
Aug 1, 1995 | 166.83 |
Jul 1, 1995 | 166.78 |
Jun 1, 1995 | 166.08 |
May 1, 1995 | 165.63 |
Apr 1, 1995 | 165.30 |
Mar 1, 1995 | 165.24 |
Feb 1, 1995 | 165.60 |
Jan 1, 1995 | 166.33 |
Dec 1, 1994 | 167.10 |
Nov 1, 1994 | 167.29 |
Oct 1, 1994 | 167.78 |
Sep 1, 1994 | 167.98 |
Aug 1, 1994 | 168.39 |
Jul 1, 1994 | 168.54 |
Jun 1, 1994 | 168.22 |
May 1, 1994 | 167.75 |
Apr 1, 1994 | 166.78 |
Mar 1, 1994 | 166.27 |
Feb 1, 1994 | 166.51 |
Jan 1, 1994 | 167.08 |
Dec 1, 1993 | 167.35 |
Nov 1, 1993 | 167.48 |
Oct 1, 1993 | 167.59 |
Sep 1, 1993 | 168.33 |
Aug 1, 1993 | 168.53 |
Jul 1, 1993 | 168.47 |
Jun 1, 1993 | 167.67 |
May 1, 1993 | 166.84 |
Apr 1, 1993 | 166.30 |
Mar 1, 1993 | 166.15 |
Feb 1, 1993 | 166.60 |
Jan 1, 1993 | 167.34 |
Dec 1, 1992 | 168.32 |
Nov 1, 1992 | 168.46 |
Oct 1, 1992 | 168.72 |
Sep 1, 1992 | 169.38 |
Aug 1, 1992 | 170.09 |
Jul 1, 1992 | 170.53 |
Jun 1, 1992 | 170.65 |
May 1, 1992 | 170.81 |
Apr 1, 1992 | 170.34 |
Mar 1, 1992 | 169.98 |
Feb 1, 1992 | 170.48 |
Jan 1, 1992 | 171.21 |
Dec 1, 1991 | 171.75 |
Nov 1, 1991 | 172.35 |
Oct 1, 1991 | 173.42 |
Sep 1, 1991 | 174.31 |
Aug 1, 1991 | 175.12 |
Jul 1, 1991 | 175.45 |
Jun 1, 1991 | 175.11 |
May 1, 1991 | 174.52 |
Apr 1, 1991 | 173.98 |
Mar 1, 1991 | 173.84 |
Feb 1, 1991 | 174.35 |
Jan 1, 1991 | 175.26 |
Dec 1, 1990 | 177.34 |
Nov 1, 1990 | 178.30 |
Oct 1, 1990 | 179.94 |
Sep 1, 1990 | 181.75 |
Aug 1, 1990 | 183.86 |
Jul 1, 1990 | 185.77 |
Jun 1, 1990 | 186.34 |
May 1, 1990 | 186.87 |
Apr 1, 1990 | 186.67 |
Mar 1, 1990 | 186.36 |
Feb 1, 1990 | 186.89 |
Jan 1, 1990 | 187.62 |
Dec 1, 1989 | 189.48 |
Nov 1, 1989 | 189.83 |
Oct 1, 1989 | 190.21 |
Sep 1, 1989 | 190.97 |
Aug 1, 1989 | 191.21 |
Jul 1, 1989 | 190.94 |
Jun 1, 1989 | 190.52 |
May 1, 1989 | 189.97 |
Apr 1, 1989 | 189.96 |
Mar 1, 1989 | 190.03 |
Feb 1, 1989 | 189.99 |
Jan 1, 1989 | 189.88 |
Dec 1, 1988 | 189.97 |
Nov 1, 1988 | 189.74 |
Oct 1, 1988 | 189.24 |
Sep 1, 1988 | 189.22 |
Aug 1, 1988 | 189.50 |
Jul 1, 1988 | 188.98 |
Jun 1, 1988 | 188.14 |
May 1, 1988 | 187.19 |
Apr 1, 1988 | 186.17 |
Mar 1, 1988 | 185.90 |
Feb 1, 1988 | 185.60 |
Jan 1, 1988 | 185.19 |
Dec 1, 1987 | 185.02 |
Nov 1, 1987 | 184.34 |
Oct 1, 1987 | 183.99 |
Sep 1, 1987 | 183.71 |
Aug 1, 1987 | 183.71 |
Jul 1, 1987 | 183.36 |
Jun 1, 1987 | 182.28 |
May 1, 1987 | 181.08 |
Apr 1, 1987 | 180.14 |
Mar 1, 1987 | 179.68 |
Feb 1, 1987 | 179.53 |
Jan 1, 1987 | 179.06 |
Dec 1, 1986 | 171.73 |
Sep 1, 1986 | 169.54 |
Jun 1, 1986 | 167.85 |
Mar 1, 1986 | 165.51 |
Dec 1, 1985 | 161.60 |
Sep 1, 1985 | 161.15 |
Jun 1, 1985 | 159.49 |
Mar 1, 1985 | 158.76 |
Dec 1, 1984 | 158.22 |
Sep 1, 1984 | 157.18 |
Jun 1, 1984 | 157.60 |
Mar 1, 1984 | 156.74 |
Dec 1, 1983 | 156.44 |
Sep 1, 1983 | 156.79 |
Jun 1, 1983 | 157.70 |
Mar 1, 1983 | 158.37 |
Dec 1, 1982 | 155.99 |
Sep 1, 1982 | 154.40 |
Jun 1, 1982 | 156.80 |
Mar 1, 1982 | 160.20 |
Dec 1, 1981 | 159.36 |
Sep 1, 1981 | 160.23 |
Jun 1, 1981 | 162.61 |
Mar 1, 1981 | 162.58 |
Dec 1, 1980 | 165.70 |
Sep 1, 1980 | 169.81 |
Jun 1, 1980 | 167.32 |
Mar 1, 1980 | 170.12 |
Dec 1, 1979 | 174.82 |
Sep 1, 1979 | 176.16 |
Jun 1, 1979 | 177.88 |
Mar 1, 1979 | 178.86 |
Dec 1, 1978 | 176.10 |
Sep 1, 1978 | 174.05 |
Jun 1, 1978 | 172.59 |
Mar 1, 1978 | 170.52 |
Dec 1, 1977 | 168.69 |
Sep 1, 1977 | 164.96 |
Jun 1, 1977 | 163.20 |
Mar 1, 1977 | 159.19 |
Dec 1, 1976 | 157.62 |
Sep 1, 1976 | 156.89 |
Jun 1, 1976 | 157.52 |
Mar 1, 1976 | 154.59 |
Dec 1, 1975 | 153.57 |
Sep 1, 1975 | 153.56 |
Jun 1, 1975 | 157.08 |
Mar 1, 1975 | 156.02 |
Dec 1, 1974 | 151.45 |
Sep 1, 1974 | 151.07 |
Jun 1, 1974 | 152.97 |
Mar 1, 1974 | 153.91 |
Dec 1, 1973 | 155.64 |
Sep 1, 1973 | 156.22 |
Jun 1, 1973 | 158.35 |
Mar 1, 1973 | 161.19 |
Dec 1, 1972 | 164.43 |
Sep 1, 1972 | 165.87 |
Jun 1, 1972 | 164.57 |
Mar 1, 1972 | 164.77 |
Dec 1, 1971 | 164.55 |
Sep 1, 1971 | 163.81 |
Jun 1, 1971 | 162.34 |
Mar 1, 1971 | 163.01 |
Dec 1, 1970 | 162.76 |
Sep 1, 1970 | 161.90 |
Jun 1, 1970 | 160.46 |
Mar 1, 1970 | 160.15 |
Dec 1, 1969 | 158.80 |
Sep 1, 1969 | 158.16 |
Jun 1, 1969 | 157.27 |
Mar 1, 1969 | 157.54 |
Dec 1, 1968 | 157.00 |
Sep 1, 1968 | 155.91 |
Jun 1, 1968 | 156.13 |
Mar 1, 1968 | 157.79 |
Dec 1, 1967 | 158.71 |
Sep 1, 1967 | 158.60 |
Jun 1, 1967 | 158.86 |
Mar 1, 1967 | 159.66 |
Dec 1, 1966 | 160.09 |
Sep 1, 1966 | 160.36 |
Jun 1, 1966 | 161.68 |
Mar 1, 1966 | 162.81 |
Dec 1, 1965 | 163.45 |
Sep 1, 1965 | 162.75 |
Jun 1, 1965 | 162.47 |
Mar 1, 1965 | 164.82 |
Dec 1, 1964 | 164.32 |
Sep 1, 1964 | 163.65 |
Jun 1, 1964 | 163.21 |
Mar 1, 1964 | 164.37 |
Dec 1, 1963 | 163.22 |
Sep 1, 1963 | 163.36 |
Jun 1, 1963 | 163.66 |
Mar 1, 1963 | 163.15 |
Dec 1, 1962 | 163.17 |
Sep 1, 1962 | 163.52 |
Jun 1, 1962 | 164.25 |
Mar 1, 1962 | 164.26 |
Dec 1, 1961 | 164.34 |
Sep 1, 1961 | 163.57 |
Jun 1, 1961 | 163.95 |
Mar 1, 1961 | 164.25 |
Dec 1, 1960 | 164.55 |
Sep 1, 1960 | 164.76 |
Jun 1, 1960 | 164.40 |
Mar 1, 1960 | 165.88 |
Dec 1, 1959 | 165.76 |
Sep 1, 1959 | 165.36 |
Jun 1, 1959 | 166.80 |
Mar 1, 1959 | 167.52 |
Dec 1, 1958 | 167.77 |
Sep 1, 1958 | 168.08 |
Jun 1, 1958 | 168.87 |
Mar 1, 1958 | 168.17 |
Dec 1, 1957 | 169.97 |
Sep 1, 1957 | 169.32 |
Jun 1, 1957 | 170.53 |
Mar 1, 1957 | 170.52 |
Dec 1, 1956 | 170.15 |
Sep 1, 1956 | 171.52 |
Jun 1, 1956 | 169.46 |
Mar 1, 1956 | 172.65 |
Dec 1, 1955 | 174.04 |
Sep 1, 1955 | 173.39 |
Jun 1, 1955 | 172.76 |
Mar 1, 1955 | 173.96 |
Dec 1, 1954 | 174.16 |
Sep 1, 1954 | 173.24 |
Jun 1, 1954 | 171.48 |
Mar 1, 1954 | 171.54 |
Dec 1, 1953 | 171.48 |
Sep 1, 1953 | 171.41 |
Jun 1, 1953 | 171.39 |
Mar 1, 1953 | 172.15 |
Dec 1, 1952 | 154.86 |
Dec 1, 1951 | 149.44 |
Dec 1, 1950 | 149.38 |
Dec 1, 1949 | 152.68 |
Dec 1, 1948 | 149.38 |
Dec 1, 1947 | 150.75 |
Dec 1, 1946 | 135.30 |
Dec 1, 1945 | 128.79 |
Dec 1, 1944 | 117.81 |
Dec 1, 1943 | 103.37 |
Dec 1, 1942 | 95.50 |
Dec 1, 1941 | 100.77 |
Dec 1, 1940 | 120.91 |
Dec 1, 1939 | 117.88 |
Dec 1, 1938 | 119.43 |
Dec 1, 1937 | 117.14 |
Dec 1, 1936 | 117.47 |
Dec 1, 1935 | 115.46 |
Dec 1, 1934 | 108.33 |
Dec 1, 1933 | 106.86 |
Dec 1, 1932 | 111.95 |
Dec 1, 1931 | 112.19 |
Dec 1, 1930 | 110.76 |
Dec 1, 1929 | 108.34 |
Dec 1, 1928 | 111.26 |
Dec 1, 1927 | 108.36 |
Dec 1, 1926 | 110.01 |
Dec 1, 1925 | 113.36 |
Dec 1, 1924 | 111.48 |
Dec 1, 1923 | 111.26 |
Dec 1, 1922 | 112.24 |
Dec 1, 1921 | 108.14 |
Dec 1, 1920 | 98.64 |
Dec 1, 1919 | 92.38 |
Dec 1, 1918 | 96.22 |
Dec 1, 1917 | 108.95 |
Dec 1, 1916 | 126.10 |
Dec 1, 1915 | 129.71 |
Dec 1, 1914 | 144.09 |
Dec 1, 1913 | 140.31 |
Dec 1, 1912 | 144.65 |
Dec 1, 1911 | 149.44 |
Dec 1, 1910 | 149.80 |
Dec 1, 1909 | 128.14 |
Dec 1, 1908 | 144.91 |
Dec 1, 1907 | 165.89 |
Dec 1, 1906 | 147.15 |
Dec 1, 1905 | 130.90 |
Dec 1, 1904 | 149.38 |
Dec 1, 1903 | 149.49 |
Dec 1, 1902 | 139.10 |
Dec 1, 1901 | 126.40 |
Dec 1, 1900 | 158.18 |
Dec 1, 1899 | 133.27 |
Dec 1, 1898 | 162.91 |
Dec 1, 1897 | 155.28 |
Dec 1, 1896 | 150.53 |
Dec 1, 1895 | 171.18 |
Dec 1, 1894 | 194.00 |
Dec 1, 1893 | 155.37 |
Dec 1, 1892 | 137.86 |
Dec 1, 1891 | 137.03 |
Dec 1, 1890 | 144.59 |
US national index levels, not seasonally adjusted. Historic prices are inflation adjusted March, 2024 dollars.
Data is from Robert Shiller, from his book, Irrational Exuberance, and Standard and Poor’s.