Date | Value |
---|---|
Oct 1, 2017 | 250.07 |
Sep 1, 2017 | 249.50 |
Aug 1, 2017 | 250.13 |
Jul 1, 2017 | 249.76 |
Jun 1, 2017 | 247.95 |
May 1, 2017 | 245.93 |
Apr 1, 2017 | 243.55 |
Mar 1, 2017 | 241.63 |
Feb 1, 2017 | 239.85 |
Jan 1, 2017 | 240.11 |
Dec 1, 2016 | 241.20 |
Nov 1, 2016 | 241.02 |
Oct 1, 2016 | 240.34 |
Sep 1, 2016 | 240.51 |
Aug 1, 2016 | 240.68 |
Jul 1, 2016 | 240.05 |
Jun 1, 2016 | 238.18 |
May 1, 2016 | 236.88 |
Apr 1, 2016 | 235.39 |
Mar 1, 2016 | 234.00 |
Feb 1, 2016 | 233.27 |
Jan 1, 2016 | 233.14 |
Dec 1, 2015 | 233.60 |
Nov 1, 2015 | 232.83 |
Oct 1, 2015 | 232.20 |
Sep 1, 2015 | 232.08 |
Aug 1, 2015 | 231.56 |
Jul 1, 2015 | 230.64 |
Jun 1, 2015 | 229.28 |
May 1, 2015 | 227.96 |
Apr 1, 2015 | 226.60 |
Mar 1, 2015 | 224.55 |
Feb 1, 2015 | 223.93 |
Jan 1, 2015 | 224.37 |
Dec 1, 2014 | 223.60 |
Nov 1, 2014 | 222.59 |
Oct 1, 2014 | 221.72 |
Sep 1, 2014 | 221.60 |
Aug 1, 2014 | 222.03 |
Jul 1, 2014 | 221.23 |
Jun 1, 2014 | 219.93 |
May 1, 2014 | 218.33 |
Apr 1, 2014 | 216.81 |
Mar 1, 2014 | 215.15 |
Feb 1, 2014 | 214.78 |
Jan 1, 2014 | 214.89 |
Dec 1, 2013 | 215.56 |
Nov 1, 2013 | 215.65 |
Oct 1, 2013 | 215.46 |
Sep 1, 2013 | 215.05 |
Aug 1, 2013 | 214.92 |
Jul 1, 2013 | 213.68 |
Jun 1, 2013 | 211.27 |
May 1, 2013 | 208.30 |
Apr 1, 2013 | 204.75 |
Mar 1, 2013 | 200.46 |
Feb 1, 2013 | 197.17 |
Jan 1, 2013 | 197.62 |
Dec 1, 2012 | 197.60 |
Nov 1, 2012 | 197.19 |
Oct 1, 2012 | 196.25 |
Sep 1, 2012 | 196.71 |
Aug 1, 2012 | 198.07 |
Jul 1, 2012 | 198.59 |
Jun 1, 2012 | 196.74 |
May 1, 2012 | 193.54 |
Apr 1, 2012 | 189.78 |
Mar 1, 2012 | 186.77 |
Feb 1, 2012 | 185.58 |
Jan 1, 2012 | 186.62 |
Dec 1, 2011 | 188.84 |
Nov 1, 2011 | 190.45 |
Oct 1, 2011 | 192.73 |
Sep 1, 2011 | 194.78 |
Aug 1, 2011 | 197.31 |
Jul 1, 2011 | 198.64 |
Jun 1, 2011 | 198.26 |
May 1, 2011 | 196.30 |
Apr 1, 2011 | 195.08 |
Mar 1, 2011 | 194.41 |
Feb 1, 2011 | 196.24 |
Jan 1, 2011 | 199.07 |
Dec 1, 2010 | 202.30 |
Nov 1, 2010 | 204.37 |
Oct 1, 2010 | 206.33 |
Sep 1, 2010 | 208.71 |
Aug 1, 2010 | 211.44 |
Jul 1, 2010 | 213.38 |
Jun 1, 2010 | 213.64 |
May 1, 2010 | 212.47 |
Apr 1, 2010 | 210.27 |
Mar 1, 2010 | 208.05 |
Feb 1, 2010 | 208.11 |
Jan 1, 2010 | 210.99 |
Dec 1, 2009 | 214.16 |
Nov 1, 2009 | 215.64 |
Oct 1, 2009 | 216.74 |
Sep 1, 2009 | 218.46 |
Aug 1, 2009 | 220.12 |
Jul 1, 2009 | 220.73 |
Jun 1, 2009 | 218.99 |
May 1, 2009 | 218.49 |
Apr 1, 2009 | 217.30 |
Mar 1, 2009 | 217.20 |
Feb 1, 2009 | 219.37 |
Jan 1, 2009 | 223.06 |
Dec 1, 2008 | 228.81 |
Nov 1, 2008 | 231.67 |
Oct 1, 2008 | 231.74 |
Sep 1, 2008 | 233.37 |
Aug 1, 2008 | 236.45 |
Jul 1, 2008 | 237.56 |
Jun 1, 2008 | 239.99 |
May 1, 2008 | 243.11 |
Apr 1, 2008 | 245.59 |
Mar 1, 2008 | 247.96 |
Feb 1, 2008 | 252.03 |
Jan 1, 2008 | 255.57 |
Dec 1, 2007 | 260.23 |
Nov 1, 2007 | 262.80 |
Oct 1, 2007 | 267.92 |
Sep 1, 2007 | 270.90 |
Aug 1, 2007 | 273.34 |
Jul 1, 2007 | 273.98 |
Jun 1, 2007 | 274.74 |
May 1, 2007 | 275.79 |
Apr 1, 2007 | 277.86 |
Mar 1, 2007 | 279.75 |
Feb 1, 2007 | 282.73 |
Jan 1, 2007 | 284.64 |
Dec 1, 2006 | 286.30 |
Nov 1, 2006 | 287.35 |
Oct 1, 2006 | 287.58 |
Sep 1, 2006 | 286.26 |
Aug 1, 2006 | 285.16 |
Jul 1, 2006 | 286.05 |
Jun 1, 2006 | 286.79 |
May 1, 2006 | 287.09 |
Apr 1, 2006 | 287.37 |
Mar 1, 2006 | 288.39 |
Feb 1, 2006 | 288.02 |
Jan 1, 2006 | 287.52 |
Dec 1, 2005 | 288.56 |
Nov 1, 2005 | 286.71 |
Oct 1, 2005 | 282.93 |
Sep 1, 2005 | 281.69 |
Aug 1, 2005 | 282.42 |
Jul 1, 2005 | 280.93 |
Jun 1, 2005 | 278.84 |
May 1, 2005 | 274.98 |
Apr 1, 2005 | 270.58 |
Mar 1, 2005 | 268.45 |
Feb 1, 2005 | 266.20 |
Jan 1, 2005 | 264.77 |
Dec 1, 2004 | 262.89 |
Nov 1, 2004 | 260.00 |
Oct 1, 2004 | 258.15 |
Sep 1, 2004 | 257.54 |
Aug 1, 2004 | 255.92 |
Jul 1, 2004 | 253.61 |
Jun 1, 2004 | 250.18 |
May 1, 2004 | 247.34 |
Apr 1, 2004 | 245.16 |
Mar 1, 2004 | 242.43 |
Feb 1, 2004 | 240.52 |
Jan 1, 2004 | 239.56 |
Dec 1, 2003 | 238.88 |
Nov 1, 2003 | 237.15 |
Oct 1, 2003 | 235.16 |
Sep 1, 2003 | 233.38 |
Aug 1, 2003 | 232.22 |
Jul 1, 2003 | 230.86 |
Jun 1, 2003 | 228.67 |
May 1, 2003 | 226.54 |
Apr 1, 2003 | 223.85 |
Mar 1, 2003 | 221.34 |
Feb 1, 2003 | 220.99 |
Jan 1, 2003 | 221.51 |
Dec 1, 2002 | 221.62 |
Nov 1, 2002 | 220.24 |
Oct 1, 2002 | 219.35 |
Sep 1, 2002 | 218.60 |
Aug 1, 2002 | 217.64 |
Jul 1, 2002 | 216.54 |
Jun 1, 2002 | 214.40 |
May 1, 2002 | 211.82 |
Apr 1, 2002 | 209.05 |
Mar 1, 2002 | 207.96 |
Feb 1, 2002 | 207.34 |
Jan 1, 2002 | 207.30 |
Dec 1, 2001 | 207.10 |
Nov 1, 2001 | 205.89 |
Oct 1, 2001 | 205.26 |
Sep 1, 2001 | 204.19 |
Aug 1, 2001 | 204.26 |
Jul 1, 2001 | 202.91 |
Jun 1, 2001 | 200.64 |
May 1, 2001 | 199.08 |
Apr 1, 2001 | 198.29 |
Mar 1, 2001 | 197.56 |
Feb 1, 2001 | 196.64 |
Jan 1, 2001 | 196.67 |
Dec 1, 2000 | 197.14 |
Nov 1, 2000 | 196.12 |
Oct 1, 2000 | 195.21 |
Sep 1, 2000 | 194.48 |
Aug 1, 2000 | 194.36 |
Jul 1, 2000 | 192.90 |
Jun 1, 2000 | 191.78 |
May 1, 2000 | 190.65 |
Apr 1, 2000 | 188.74 |
Mar 1, 2000 | 186.88 |
Feb 1, 2000 | 186.75 |
Jan 1, 2000 | 186.79 |
Dec 1, 1999 | 186.56 |
Nov 1, 1999 | 185.83 |
Oct 1, 1999 | 185.34 |
Sep 1, 1999 | 184.86 |
Aug 1, 1999 | 184.78 |
Jul 1, 1999 | 183.90 |
Jun 1, 1999 | 182.88 |
May 1, 1999 | 180.99 |
Apr 1, 1999 | 179.22 |
Mar 1, 1999 | 178.94 |
Feb 1, 1999 | 178.27 |
Jan 1, 1999 | 177.97 |
Dec 1, 1998 | 177.89 |
Nov 1, 1998 | 177.32 |
Oct 1, 1998 | 176.93 |
Sep 1, 1998 | 176.88 |
Aug 1, 1998 | 176.45 |
Jul 1, 1998 | 175.60 |
Jun 1, 1998 | 174.54 |
May 1, 1998 | 173.16 |
Apr 1, 1998 | 171.89 |
Mar 1, 1998 | 170.89 |
Feb 1, 1998 | 170.23 |
Jan 1, 1998 | 170.14 |
Dec 1, 1997 | 169.83 |
Nov 1, 1997 | 169.21 |
Oct 1, 1997 | 168.65 |
Sep 1, 1997 | 168.88 |
Aug 1, 1997 | 168.98 |
Jul 1, 1997 | 168.71 |
Jun 1, 1997 | 168.04 |
May 1, 1997 | 167.20 |
Apr 1, 1997 | 166.02 |
Mar 1, 1997 | 165.41 |
Feb 1, 1997 | 165.20 |
Jan 1, 1997 | 165.60 |
Dec 1, 1996 | 166.04 |
Nov 1, 1996 | 166.18 |
Oct 1, 1996 | 166.63 |
Sep 1, 1996 | 167.30 |
Aug 1, 1996 | 167.73 |
Jul 1, 1996 | 167.59 |
Jun 1, 1996 | 167.17 |
May 1, 1996 | 166.37 |
Apr 1, 1996 | 165.72 |
Mar 1, 1996 | 165.43 |
Feb 1, 1996 | 165.73 |
Jan 1, 1996 | 166.33 |
Dec 1, 1995 | 167.49 |
Nov 1, 1995 | 167.61 |
Oct 1, 1995 | 167.70 |
Sep 1, 1995 | 168.27 |
Aug 1, 1995 | 168.41 |
Jul 1, 1995 | 168.36 |
Jun 1, 1995 | 167.66 |
May 1, 1995 | 167.20 |
Apr 1, 1995 | 166.87 |
Mar 1, 1995 | 166.81 |
Feb 1, 1995 | 167.18 |
Jan 1, 1995 | 167.91 |
Dec 1, 1994 | 168.69 |
Nov 1, 1994 | 168.88 |
Oct 1, 1994 | 169.38 |
Sep 1, 1994 | 169.57 |
Aug 1, 1994 | 169.99 |
Jul 1, 1994 | 170.14 |
Jun 1, 1994 | 169.82 |
May 1, 1994 | 169.34 |
Apr 1, 1994 | 168.37 |
Mar 1, 1994 | 167.85 |
Feb 1, 1994 | 168.10 |
Jan 1, 1994 | 168.67 |
Dec 1, 1993 | 168.94 |
Nov 1, 1993 | 169.07 |
Oct 1, 1993 | 169.18 |
Sep 1, 1993 | 169.93 |
Aug 1, 1993 | 170.13 |
Jul 1, 1993 | 170.07 |
Jun 1, 1993 | 169.27 |
May 1, 1993 | 168.43 |
Apr 1, 1993 | 167.88 |
Mar 1, 1993 | 167.73 |
Feb 1, 1993 | 168.18 |
Jan 1, 1993 | 168.93 |
Dec 1, 1992 | 169.92 |
Nov 1, 1992 | 170.06 |
Oct 1, 1992 | 170.32 |
Sep 1, 1992 | 170.99 |
Aug 1, 1992 | 171.70 |
Jul 1, 1992 | 172.15 |
Jun 1, 1992 | 172.27 |
May 1, 1992 | 172.43 |
Apr 1, 1992 | 171.96 |
Mar 1, 1992 | 171.59 |
Feb 1, 1992 | 172.10 |
Jan 1, 1992 | 172.83 |
Dec 1, 1991 | 173.38 |
Nov 1, 1991 | 173.99 |
Oct 1, 1991 | 175.07 |
Sep 1, 1991 | 175.97 |
Aug 1, 1991 | 176.79 |
Jul 1, 1991 | 177.12 |
Jun 1, 1991 | 176.78 |
May 1, 1991 | 176.18 |
Apr 1, 1991 | 175.63 |
Mar 1, 1991 | 175.49 |
Feb 1, 1991 | 176.01 |
Jan 1, 1991 | 176.93 |
Dec 1, 1990 | 179.02 |
Nov 1, 1990 | 179.99 |
Oct 1, 1990 | 181.65 |
Sep 1, 1990 | 183.48 |
Aug 1, 1990 | 185.61 |
Jul 1, 1990 | 187.54 |
Jun 1, 1990 | 188.11 |
May 1, 1990 | 188.64 |
Apr 1, 1990 | 188.45 |
Mar 1, 1990 | 188.13 |
Feb 1, 1990 | 188.66 |
Jan 1, 1990 | 189.40 |
Dec 1, 1989 | 191.28 |
Nov 1, 1989 | 191.63 |
Oct 1, 1989 | 192.02 |
Sep 1, 1989 | 192.79 |
Aug 1, 1989 | 193.03 |
Jul 1, 1989 | 192.75 |
Jun 1, 1989 | 192.33 |
May 1, 1989 | 191.78 |
Apr 1, 1989 | 191.77 |
Mar 1, 1989 | 191.84 |
Feb 1, 1989 | 191.80 |
Jan 1, 1989 | 191.68 |
Dec 1, 1988 | 191.77 |
Nov 1, 1988 | 191.54 |
Oct 1, 1988 | 191.04 |
Sep 1, 1988 | 191.02 |
Aug 1, 1988 | 191.30 |
Jul 1, 1988 | 190.78 |
Jun 1, 1988 | 189.93 |
May 1, 1988 | 188.97 |
Apr 1, 1988 | 187.94 |
Mar 1, 1988 | 187.66 |
Feb 1, 1988 | 187.36 |
Jan 1, 1988 | 186.95 |
Dec 1, 1987 | 186.78 |
Nov 1, 1987 | 186.09 |
Oct 1, 1987 | 185.73 |
Sep 1, 1987 | 185.45 |
Aug 1, 1987 | 185.46 |
Jul 1, 1987 | 185.11 |
Jun 1, 1987 | 184.01 |
May 1, 1987 | 182.80 |
Apr 1, 1987 | 181.85 |
Mar 1, 1987 | 181.39 |
Feb 1, 1987 | 181.24 |
Jan 1, 1987 | 180.76 |
Dec 1, 1986 | 173.36 |
Sep 1, 1986 | 171.15 |
Jun 1, 1986 | 169.44 |
Mar 1, 1986 | 167.08 |
Dec 1, 1985 | 163.13 |
Sep 1, 1985 | 162.68 |
Jun 1, 1985 | 161.01 |
Mar 1, 1985 | 160.27 |
Dec 1, 1984 | 159.73 |
Sep 1, 1984 | 158.68 |
Jun 1, 1984 | 159.10 |
Mar 1, 1984 | 158.23 |
Dec 1, 1983 | 157.93 |
Sep 1, 1983 | 158.28 |
Jun 1, 1983 | 159.20 |
Mar 1, 1983 | 159.87 |
Dec 1, 1982 | 157.47 |
Sep 1, 1982 | 155.87 |
Jun 1, 1982 | 158.29 |
Mar 1, 1982 | 161.72 |
Dec 1, 1981 | 160.87 |
Sep 1, 1981 | 161.75 |
Jun 1, 1981 | 164.16 |
Mar 1, 1981 | 164.12 |
Dec 1, 1980 | 167.27 |
Sep 1, 1980 | 171.42 |
Jun 1, 1980 | 168.91 |
Mar 1, 1980 | 171.73 |
Dec 1, 1979 | 176.48 |
Sep 1, 1979 | 177.83 |
Jun 1, 1979 | 179.57 |
Mar 1, 1979 | 180.56 |
Dec 1, 1978 | 177.77 |
Sep 1, 1978 | 175.70 |
Jun 1, 1978 | 174.23 |
Mar 1, 1978 | 172.14 |
Dec 1, 1977 | 170.30 |
Sep 1, 1977 | 166.53 |
Jun 1, 1977 | 164.75 |
Mar 1, 1977 | 160.70 |
Dec 1, 1976 | 159.11 |
Sep 1, 1976 | 158.38 |
Jun 1, 1976 | 159.02 |
Mar 1, 1976 | 156.06 |
Dec 1, 1975 | 155.03 |
Sep 1, 1975 | 155.02 |
Jun 1, 1975 | 158.58 |
Mar 1, 1975 | 157.50 |
Dec 1, 1974 | 152.89 |
Sep 1, 1974 | 152.51 |
Jun 1, 1974 | 154.42 |
Mar 1, 1974 | 155.38 |
Dec 1, 1973 | 157.12 |
Sep 1, 1973 | 157.70 |
Jun 1, 1973 | 159.85 |
Mar 1, 1973 | 162.72 |
Dec 1, 1972 | 165.99 |
Sep 1, 1972 | 167.44 |
Jun 1, 1972 | 166.13 |
Mar 1, 1972 | 166.34 |
Dec 1, 1971 | 166.12 |
Sep 1, 1971 | 165.37 |
Jun 1, 1971 | 163.89 |
Mar 1, 1971 | 164.56 |
Dec 1, 1970 | 164.30 |
Sep 1, 1970 | 163.44 |
Jun 1, 1970 | 161.99 |
Mar 1, 1970 | 161.68 |
Dec 1, 1969 | 160.31 |
Sep 1, 1969 | 159.67 |
Jun 1, 1969 | 158.77 |
Mar 1, 1969 | 159.03 |
Dec 1, 1968 | 158.50 |
Sep 1, 1968 | 157.40 |
Jun 1, 1968 | 157.61 |
Mar 1, 1968 | 159.29 |
Dec 1, 1967 | 160.22 |
Sep 1, 1967 | 160.11 |
Jun 1, 1967 | 160.37 |
Mar 1, 1967 | 161.18 |
Dec 1, 1966 | 161.61 |
Sep 1, 1966 | 161.89 |
Jun 1, 1966 | 163.22 |
Mar 1, 1966 | 164.36 |
Dec 1, 1965 | 165.01 |
Sep 1, 1965 | 164.29 |
Jun 1, 1965 | 164.01 |
Mar 1, 1965 | 166.38 |
Dec 1, 1964 | 165.88 |
Sep 1, 1964 | 165.21 |
Jun 1, 1964 | 164.76 |
Mar 1, 1964 | 165.93 |
Dec 1, 1963 | 164.77 |
Sep 1, 1963 | 164.91 |
Jun 1, 1963 | 165.22 |
Mar 1, 1963 | 164.70 |
Dec 1, 1962 | 164.72 |
Sep 1, 1962 | 165.07 |
Jun 1, 1962 | 165.81 |
Mar 1, 1962 | 165.82 |
Dec 1, 1961 | 165.90 |
Sep 1, 1961 | 165.12 |
Jun 1, 1961 | 165.51 |
Mar 1, 1961 | 165.81 |
Dec 1, 1960 | 166.11 |
Sep 1, 1960 | 166.33 |
Jun 1, 1960 | 165.96 |
Mar 1, 1960 | 167.46 |
Dec 1, 1959 | 167.34 |
Sep 1, 1959 | 166.93 |
Jun 1, 1959 | 168.39 |
Mar 1, 1959 | 169.12 |
Dec 1, 1958 | 169.36 |
Sep 1, 1958 | 169.67 |
Jun 1, 1958 | 170.48 |
Mar 1, 1958 | 169.77 |
Dec 1, 1957 | 171.59 |
Sep 1, 1957 | 170.93 |
Jun 1, 1957 | 172.15 |
Mar 1, 1957 | 172.14 |
Dec 1, 1956 | 171.77 |
Sep 1, 1956 | 173.15 |
Jun 1, 1956 | 171.07 |
Mar 1, 1956 | 174.29 |
Dec 1, 1955 | 175.69 |
Sep 1, 1955 | 175.04 |
Jun 1, 1955 | 174.41 |
Mar 1, 1955 | 175.61 |
Dec 1, 1954 | 175.81 |
Sep 1, 1954 | 174.89 |
Jun 1, 1954 | 173.11 |
Mar 1, 1954 | 173.17 |
Dec 1, 1953 | 173.11 |
Sep 1, 1953 | 173.04 |
Jun 1, 1953 | 173.02 |
Mar 1, 1953 | 173.78 |
Dec 1, 1952 | 156.33 |
Dec 1, 1951 | 150.87 |
Dec 1, 1950 | 150.80 |
Dec 1, 1949 | 154.13 |
Dec 1, 1948 | 150.80 |
Dec 1, 1947 | 152.18 |
Dec 1, 1946 | 136.58 |
Dec 1, 1945 | 130.01 |
Dec 1, 1944 | 118.93 |
Dec 1, 1943 | 104.36 |
Dec 1, 1942 | 96.41 |
Dec 1, 1941 | 101.73 |
Dec 1, 1940 | 122.06 |
Dec 1, 1939 | 119.00 |
Dec 1, 1938 | 120.57 |
Dec 1, 1937 | 118.25 |
Dec 1, 1936 | 118.59 |
Dec 1, 1935 | 116.56 |
Dec 1, 1934 | 109.36 |
Dec 1, 1933 | 107.88 |
Dec 1, 1932 | 113.01 |
Dec 1, 1931 | 113.25 |
Dec 1, 1930 | 111.81 |
Dec 1, 1929 | 109.37 |
Dec 1, 1928 | 112.32 |
Dec 1, 1927 | 109.39 |
Dec 1, 1926 | 111.06 |
Dec 1, 1925 | 114.44 |
Dec 1, 1924 | 112.54 |
Dec 1, 1923 | 112.32 |
Dec 1, 1922 | 113.31 |
Dec 1, 1921 | 109.17 |
Dec 1, 1920 | 99.58 |
Dec 1, 1919 | 93.26 |
Dec 1, 1918 | 97.13 |
Dec 1, 1917 | 109.98 |
Dec 1, 1916 | 127.30 |
Dec 1, 1915 | 130.95 |
Dec 1, 1914 | 145.46 |
Dec 1, 1913 | 141.65 |
Dec 1, 1912 | 146.03 |
Dec 1, 1911 | 150.86 |
Dec 1, 1910 | 151.22 |
Dec 1, 1909 | 129.36 |
Dec 1, 1908 | 146.28 |
Dec 1, 1907 | 167.47 |
Dec 1, 1906 | 148.55 |
Dec 1, 1905 | 132.14 |
Dec 1, 1904 | 150.80 |
Dec 1, 1903 | 150.91 |
Dec 1, 1902 | 140.42 |
Dec 1, 1901 | 127.60 |
Dec 1, 1900 | 159.68 |
Dec 1, 1899 | 134.53 |
Dec 1, 1898 | 164.46 |
Dec 1, 1897 | 156.76 |
Dec 1, 1896 | 151.96 |
Dec 1, 1895 | 172.80 |
Dec 1, 1894 | 195.84 |
Dec 1, 1893 | 156.85 |
Dec 1, 1892 | 139.17 |
Dec 1, 1891 | 138.33 |
Dec 1, 1890 | 145.96 |
US national index levels, not seasonally adjusted. Historic prices are inflation adjusted September, 2024 dollars.
Data is from Robert Shiller, from his book, Irrational Exuberance, and Standard and Poor’s.